To start onychomycosis treatment on time, you need to know what nail fungus is.Mushrooms related to the type of dermatophytes, candidates and yeasts -as can cause the disease.Timely and proper pathogenic determination will allow you to cure fungus quickly and effectively on the feet.
What is a nail fungus?
Nail fungal disease has a scientific name - onychomycosis, which from ancient Greek means "chronic infection."The disease affects the nail plate where the power is broken for some reason.Fungal disputes are quickly disseminated, they do not need special conditions for development.The disease itself does not occur due to high fungal survivability.
Causes of nail fungus
Factors -Factors, as a result nail fungus shows themselves:
- Wet and warm environment.After a long day is spent in the shoes, the feet are sweating a lot.It is necessary to dry the shoes and leave the synthetic socks completely.
- Age.The largest number of cases of the disease occurs at the age of 18 to 55.Basically, men suffer.If in young people, nail fungus occurs very rarely, then in old age, the percentage of events is at least 90%.This is mainly due to the decline in nail plate growth.
- Medicine.Taking drugs, such as antibiotics and cytostatic, can cause the disease.
- Immune system.After stepping on unprotected feet wherever the dirty surface, you can be easily infected.Someone who has a weak immunity to do this is easier.
- Profession.Nail fungus can occur due to high temperatures in the workspace, gaskets or ionizing radiation.Mine workers, medical institutions, baths and baths are most vulnerable to the disease.
The three main routes have been identified where fungus can fall under the plate:
- Through the nail roller.The nail roller is a fold of the skin that surrounds the nail plate from 3 sides.
- Through the edge of the nails.In this case, the fungus falls under the nail, and not on it.In the future, this can develop into keratosis - a disease in which nails begin to separate from the nail bed.
- Through the back of the nail.This part is the most durable, which is why, through that, the fungus penetrates more often.
Type of nail fungus
What nail fungus depends on a particular type of fungus that causes disease
Dermatophytes
This is the most common type of fungal disease.The nail plate with dermatofit is affected in 90% of cases.
There are 3 types of these diseases, each with different wounds:
| Trichophyte rubrum | Affects the nails and feet |
| Epidermophyte | The fungus shows itself on the toes 1 and to -5 |
| Trichophyte | The fungus shows itself on the 1 and 5 toes, can go to the interdigital folds |
Cast
This type of disease is extremely rare.When infected, the nail plate changes the color and becomes black, yellow, brown or blue.
Yeast -like mushrooms
These mushrooms can show themselves not only on the nails, but also the causes of thrush on the girls.The disease makes the nails thinner.The nail plate gets yellow.If the disease is ignored, then it is possible to separate the nails from the box.
Stage of disease
What nail fungus depends on the level of the disease.
In the field of medicine, it is common to distinguish the 3 main stages of its development:
- In the first stage, it is difficult to identify the presence of fungus.All because there are no visible signs.
- Second stage.When moving to the second stage, the nails lose their glow, the color of the plate gradually changes.The nails become more fragile on the edge.You can already see small white spots or grooves, which over time will increase in size.
- The third stage is a neglected form of pathology, when one ignores the disease for a long time and does not treat it.Currently, there is a huge risk of loss of nails.He started to expand and broke more.
Like what nail fungus: symptoms and signs
Fungus has severe symptoms.At the beginning of the disease, the gloss on the nails gradually disappears.The surface of the plate becomes like a wave, a small white spots appear.
Over time, the nails become fragile, scaly.Despite its fragility, the thickness of the nail may increase.It may be an unbearable itching between the fingers.Sleep on the feet gradually increases.Maybe corn and bubble.
Another sign of different diseases is the unpleasant odor.This is due to the fact that the gap between the nails and the bed is clogged with dirt and fungal products.
When the disease is launched, the patient can increase the temperature and pain in the foot, which prevents it from moving normally.
Regional onychomycosis
Regional onychomycosis is the early stage of the disease.It is difficult to determine the disease at this stage.
What nail fungus depends on the level of pathological development.The narrow gray line gradually appears along the edge of the plate.The nail itself starts to be boring.In the middle of the nails, small -sized yellow spots occur.The plate does not change the thickness, but it becomes fragile.
The nails are not completely affected.Only parts of the individual suffer.Therefore, the surface of the affected nails becomes lasting.Under your nails you can consider gray matter, but the nail itself is not thicker than it.
Normotorophical
Normotropic onychomycosis occurs for the same reasons as the rest of the fungus.Microorganisms enter the skin, after which they penetrate the surface through minor damage into the nail plate.
With normotropic onychomycosis on the first day of the disease, the color of the nails does not change completely, but only in the area.On the side and in the end, the nails become white, yellow or gray.The nail plate lost shining and faded.Over time, the color of the nails is completely changed, but the thickness does not decrease.
Hypertrophic
Hypertrophic onychomycosis is considered a sophisticated form of normotropic disease.The cause of the occurrence is not different from the causes of other types of nail fungus.
The occurrence of hypertrophic onychomycosis contributes to in contact with the infected person, wearing uncomfortable shoes or hygiene disorders.The causes can also be disease: HIV, hyperhidrosis and diabetes.
In the feet with hypertropic onychomycosis, the nail thickness increases significantly.Plate thickening can cause diseases such as hyperkeratosis (with the disease, the skin under the nails becomes keratinized).
The color of the plate changes, as it looks yellow or gray.The nails become opaque, boring.The appearance of onichogrifosis is possible - a fungus where the nails are defective and take the form of bird claws.
With hypertrophic onychomycosis, the side of the nails suffer the strongest.As a result, severe pain in the finger occurs, preventing a person from moving normally.
A shallow shape of the white
The form of white onychomycosis surface is the most rare type of disease.Thus, the nails of the thumb and small fingers are damaged.
With this disease, the nails and the matrix do not suffer.White spots gradually appear on the surface of the nail.Over time, their size and area have increased.The color of the spots changes from white to yellow.The nails began to collapse.
If the disease is launched, then inflammation of the skin around the nail is possible.Together with it, the redness and itching are severe.
The plate thickness does not change, and the surface becomes rough.Frequently, the nails break, the shines disappear.
The most visited person at risk for illness:
- bath;
- sauna;
- Public books.
The combination of high moisture and heat is an ideal environment for the rapid development of fungal disease.People who use regular hygiene products and shoes are very risky.
The form of white onychomycosis surface is easily confused with the disease:
- Seborrhea.
- The first stage of eczema.
- Psoriasis.
Therefore, dermatologists do not stop at the patient's visual examination.Mandatory take biological material from it and send it to the laboratory to determine the type of pathogen.
Onycholithic
Onicholytic onychomycosis is characterized by the separation of the nail plate from the box.The nails lose their glitter and become gray.In the damage area, there is a plot covered with hyperkeratosis (excessive thickening of the epidermal layer, it can be from 1 mm to several cm).
With the disease, both nail thickness and thinning are possible.
Onychomycosis candidiasis
This type of disease is caused by a decrease in the protective properties of the skin and weak immunity.Candida mushrooms, which live in the intestines and urinary tract, begin to grow quickly and fill the nail plate.The disease is most common in half of the population.Often, people who work with servers and dishwashers suffer.
At the beginning of the disease, mushrooms affect the nail roller and skin next to it.The skin is red and starts to become inflamed.The roller is swollen, the skin on it is almost gone.If the disease is not treated, it can develop into chronic and peel off the skin in the nail area and the nail roller will last forever.
The rejection of treatment can cause nail deformation.It starts from the roller to the nail center.It becomes thinner and with a little press on the plate, the pus is possible.On the plate itself, the white stripes are clearly visible.
There is a proximal candidal onychomycosis.The difference is that the nail roller does not suffer.Determining the disease is assisted by small size white dots under the nails.
The third form of candidal onychomycosis is distal.Fungus affects the remote part of the nail and moves to the center.The color of the plate changes, and the nails are thicker.Hyperkeratosis occurs under the nails, resulting in nails.
Proximal-Absolute
Onychomycosis that burns proximal begins to develop if the candidal lesions of the nail plate.The main feature of the disease is the nail bed.With the form of this disease, it is defective and becomes in the form of waves.
Atopic
Atopic onychomycosis is characterized by a change in the color of the nail plate to gray.The nails are affected from the outer end and gradually move to the skin roller.
There are also such signs:
- Loss of natural gloss nails.
- The plate is atrophied.
- The nail bed is exposed.
- The nails are thinner and atrophy in the future.
- There is a layer of skin scale on the nail bed.
- This infection applies to neighboring tissue.
With atropic onychomycosis, only the nail shoots remain un touched.
Method of treatment
Before starting the treatment of any form of onychomycosis, you must contact a dermatologist for diagnosis.Only after the laboratory test and determine the size of the affected area, further treatment of the patient is prescribed.
As a rule, in the treatment of onychomycosis, drugs and local medicines are used to take orally.
For more effective treatment, in addition to taking medication, it is recommended to treat personal items and general items to re -exclude germs.
Maybe treatment in the following ways:
- Physiotherapy.This procedure is prescribed to improve the blood circulation of the limbs.Physiotherapy is used in combination with UHF and amplipuls-carlation in the lumbosacral and cervical departments.Laser and diathermy therapy is also used.
- In the case of a neglected disease, when the nails are defective and exfoliated, the doctor decides to remove the nail plate.This will prevent the spread of fungus and will provide more efficient medicines to work on a healthy surface.
The product of a pharmacy
The main methods of combating fungal diseases include antimicrobials.They cause more harm to nail fungus, and therefore, effectively treat the affected area.Antimicrotic is suitable for the treatment of almost all types of diseases, except for the candidate (here the treatment must be individually selected).
Dermatologists often prescribe the following antimicrobials:
- Varnis can protect the nails from the next development of the disease.
- The solution that destroys the fungus from the nail roller and from the plate itself.
- Ointment or gel that relieves itching and inflammation.
When local treatment does not have the right effect on the fullest, the preparation is set to take in.The main difficulty of treating such a method lies in a large number of contraindications and precautions.The effects of the drug have gradually increased.
Traditional medicine
In the treatment of fungal diseases, folk medicine can be used, but only in conjunction with other medicines.
Mushrooms
To use it, it is necessary to steam your feet.After that, a small piece of mushrooms are applied to the nails, bent with a bandage.The compress holds all night, and in the morning it is released.Deleting the dead area should be removed, and then treat the surface with any antiseptic.The course of treatment lasts several weeks.
Air
Calamus stew can also be a helper in combating nail fungus.Take such a stew 3 times a day.During acceptance, it is necessary to trim the skin and nails to grow.
- To prepare the product, need 2 teaspoons.Pour plant rhizomes and pour boiling water (as a rule, 100 ml is enough).
- Then, the rhizome is boiled in water for no more than 1 minute.
- Once the product is cooled, it is ready to use.
Because boiling has a bitter taste, it can be washed with water.
Acetic baths
Acetic baths have a good effect only in the early stages of the disease.In the future, they are only used with the permission of the doctor and together with other medicines.
Acetic baths soften the epidermis, improve blood circulation, and even change the appearance of the feet.
Vinegar can be used in the combination of the following components:
- Soda.It appears to soften the epidermis and enhance the effect of the overall procedure.To provide a solution for the procedure, it is necessary to move 0.5 tablespoons on 3 liters of water.Vinegar with 2 tablespoons.L. soda.
- Essential oil.Such components reduce treatment several times.For one vinegar bath, 3 drops of oil are required.
- Glycerol.For 3 liters of water, 9 tbsp.L. vinegar and 3 tablespoons.L. Glycerol.When providing a solution, glycerin is added to the water for better dilution.Glycerin in the vinegar bath helps to moisturize the skin.
Bathing can also be used as prevention.
There are some contraindications where vinegar baths cannot be used:
- Oncology.
- Wounds, ulcers and scratches on the feet.
- Individual intolerance.
- Thrombophlebitis.
- Pregnancy.
- Violation of the cardiovascular system.
- Age up to 10 years.
Before the procedure, you need to do 3 steps:
- Make a sensitivity test.Small areas near the elbow are moistened with the solution provided.After 15 minutes.There should be allergic reactions (itching, burning, redness).
- Prior to the procedure, the feet must be steamed and the affected cloth is removed.
- After the procedure, you need to rinse your feet and dry well.For 2 hours, you can't load your feet.
- The duration of the procedure is 10-20 minutes.
In general, treatment with vinegar baths lasts 2-3 weeks.
Tea tree oil
The use of tea tree oil contributes to the effective recovery of affected nails.During the procedure, the oil should be used under the nail in the calculation of 1 drop per 1 nail.This procedure is performed 3 times a day.The nail -treated area should be attached to the patch, so the treatment effect will be higher.
Iodine processing
In the fight against nail fungus, iodine is widely used.It is best to use a 5% solution for the procedure.All that is needed for treatment is to use iodine solutions 2 times a day to the affected nail area.
When using iodine, the feeling of burning is possible.If the sensation burns weak and does not cause discomfort - it's all good.If the pain is severe, then iodine processing should be stopped immediately.The course of treatment with iodine solution is 2-3 months long.
The extension of the disease can lead to more serious consequences.Regardless of the free treatment methods performed by the patient, in the first signs, it is necessary to consult a specialist.By the way the nail fungus looks like, the doctor will be able to prescribe the full treatment.Onychomycosis in the feet is treated quickly and effectively with the right approach.